Elizabeth Gardner Associate

Courts continue to explore whether the threshold for actionable “adverse employment actions” under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 has been construed too narrowly. Upending several decades of precedent, in 2023, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit broadened the scope to permit claims of discrimination that would have been rejected in the past for failure to constitute an “ultimate” employment decision.

The Supreme Court of the United States issued its opinion in Groff v. DeJoy on June 29, 2023, holding that Title VII requires an employer denying a religious accommodation to show that granting the accommodation would result in “substantial increased costs in relation to the conduct of its particular business.”

Over the past year, several states have rolled out plans to defund diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts. While these initiatives are focused on state agencies and state-funded higher education, they may cause concern for private employers.